REMEMBER, THE KIRCHNER AND THE GAME OF DIFFERENCES
A 65-year October 17, the date on which it is recalled the popular movement that gave rise to Peronist Kirchner loyalty to the party proclamations again be questioned. "Inhabits the gene governing Peronist partner?
was loved and hated. The first worker, for some. A tyrant to others. Divided and polarized society like never before another leader. Charismatic military was so acclaimed that 17 October, the people were mobilized to demand his release as a gesture of genuine enchantment by the driver. This description is condensed in the name of Juan Domingo Peron. A 65 years
Loyalty Day, seeking to follow in his footsteps there. And in pre-election times, Peronism seems to not want to lose prominence in the political sphere. But how, really, behind him now? Does marriage Kirchner-Fernández a reflection of that doctrine which seeks both fly? Or is it, just, a weak shadow?
"Peronism is a particular phenomenon. You party, movement, doctrine, ideology and culture while, "said Rosendo Fraga, director of the Center for Union for the New Majority. By-case basis since 1989 has ruled 20 of the last 22 years showing a special ability to retain power.
The movement grew out of grassroots support and union nuclei. Machinery Peron organized a loyal to his figure, while the opposition divided. That force was the one who answered the call to demand their release spontaneous. From there, a few steps mediated to Perón reached the highest office after winning elections on February 24, 1946, with 55% of the vote compared to 45% of the rival Democratic Union. Once
come to power, his regime justified under three flags: economic independence, political sovereignty and social justice. Since its inception, won dislikes social strata better off and, eventually, managed to gain the of the Church.
But the role of Peron as the driver was undisputed. Besides the support of the Armed Forces, was a great display of association. However, times have changed. And some of your shadow seems to rise at present. "We are witnessing a process of political power vacuum," notes Jorge Castro, director of the Institute of Strategic Planning.
DNA Is
Peronist President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner Peronist faithful to the doctrine? Was her husband devoted to the ideals in origin? "There are factors typically Peronist Kirchner behavior but others do not are both, "says Sergio Berensztein, director of Poliarquía Consultants.
At first glance, appear to be three elements that marriage inherited from the Peronist K: how to think in terms of inward-looking with a strong intervention, the use of coalitions based on powerful social actors (although the stimulation of mobilization be articulated differently) and the unprecedented centralization of power, ie grabbing the executive branch as the anchor for the achievement of more of a personal nature. However, the differences are more abundant: the Peronist strategy was aimed at shaping the project "organized community." While Kirchner, meanwhile, display a short-term tactic. "While there may be some foundational ideas, no strategy demarcated and political construction is what makes the day to day," says Berensztein.
With other conditions, "we read that these are two different times and there is no possibility to compare Kirchner with Peron because their origins in different historical circumstances," says Castro. For instance, during the advent of Peronism, Argentina, which had just 14 million inhabitants and sought recovery from the great flick of 1930, was no longer the "breadbasket of the world" and bet on the import substitution industrialization. Today, however, the country witnessing a moment of post-crisis, with a population exceeding 40 million and a GDP of U.S. $ s 548,800 million, which ranked No. 24 in the world, according to the CIA WorldFactBook .
Kirchner had no organized party, much less mobilized unions and workers. "He told less powerful adversaries Peron when installed in government," said Ricardo Sidicaro, CONICET researcher and author of The Three Peronism, which deepens: "Perón believed in the creation of an 'organized community' which had to reconcile the interests of capital and labor so, achieved a certain level of wages and social integration, set out to win the support of entrepreneurship and attract foreign capital. " Kirchner, despite having reached the presidency with only 22% support, however, "had no major problems with economic interests, they were satisfied with the consequences of the devaluation that ended convertibility, complete the specialist.
However, the approach to relations with the political opposition created tensions to the extent that the government "seduced" leaders. Between 2003 and 2005, for instance, former President Patagonian focused on creating a way to "overcome" Peronism (the transversal), ie, a movement based on multiple supports but ended backed parties and provincial justice ists Peronist leaders of Buenos Aires. "The most visible was the heterogeneity of the support he got contradictory," summarizes Sidicaro. Perón
spontaneously convened and established a relationship with the mass. "In the version Kirchner, meanwhile, is a support apparatus, gestated by economic resources," sums Fraga. Kirchner also share the vision of a strategist on the importance of foreign policy and lack of charisma and devotion that fans had for the leader.
The recorded speech similarities and differences between the two movements. The former are present on issues of economic nationalism and the distribution of income. "The President has a more elaborate speech that former President Kirchner. There is a dialectical management and remarkable memory. Kirchner is flatter in their rhetoric," says Ricardo Rouvier, CEO of Ricardo Rouvier & Asociados. Peron was an excellent speaker, and his rhetoric oscillated between the statesman and the barricade. "In this latest speech is more like the former president," he adds. The three built an image of the enemy while referring changed: the people to Peron, the "we" Kirchner government and the first person in the course of his successor.
Kirchner's speech is at the last stage before the '76 and, unlike the orthodox Peronist mentions the class struggle. "In this sense, there is harmony between the kichnerismo and Campora, the trend of the '70s," says Rouvier. There is now a minor action to use phrases from the Peronist classical liturgy, however, "Kirchner hugged the flag of Human Rights, based on the repression of the military dictatorship," said Carlos Fara, director Carlos Fara & Associates.
Moreover, it is inevitable to focus on comparison of those who were, in turn, first ladies: Cristina Fernandez and Eva Duarte. The latter was a political phenomenon, but did not reach the presidency, "developed its own political thinking, in my opinion, Cristina does not have on her husband," says Fraga. Duarte managed a self Foundation (Eva Peron) with high waist policy, founding hospitals and establishing a popular neighborhood (Ciudad Evita, La Matanza). In addition, he promoted the opening of a branch feminist party in 1949. His main achievement was the establishment of women's suffrage struggle undertaken independently of her husband.
The movement today
"Perón galvanized society, Kirchner," reflects Berensztein. The vacuum of political power explains why the PJ, like the UCR, they disappeared from the scene with the 2001 crisis, in a process of total dismantling of political parties. So, since 2003, the system lost power and defined the orientation changes according to time.
There is no strategic line in the government, but "identification friend-enemy strategy that leads to polarization," summarizes Castro. "Peron was a flexible policy, which combined the carrot and stick according to circumstances while Kirchner appears to have only fit for the conflict and not for reconciliation, "says Fraga. Clarin and the countryside are just some examples.
In the past, exercised a role Peronism polarizer. During his first term, while the Peronist demanded social equality, opponents defending civil liberties. Today, the cleavage antikirchnerismo kirchnerismo-duality corresponds to a more ideological empty. The ruling party that recovers only he can govern and the opposition wants to take the reins of power to criticize the government. "Neither did get to convince the majority of citizens who are involved in a large historical-political choice, "says Sidicaro.
You might think that Peronism is not an ideology but rather a perception of political power or the reflection of a post-Peronist era, says Castro.
While Kirchner was identified as one of the many versions of Peronism, from the pragmatism of the political culture seems to fit some ideology. "The PJ has the ability to understand opposites, such as Kirchner and Reutemann, and the ability to rotate from right to left according to circumstances," he says Fraga.
There is not a Peronist, but several or, if to be devoted to version classical one, but too blurred.
Omer Freixa